Human Resource Management Planning and Reproduction

Question: Describe about the Human Resource Management for Planning and Reproduction. Answer: Introduction According to OLoughlin Griffith (2013), reflective writing is a kind of writing which helps a person analyze the past events of life and take lessons from those events so that they can be helpful in the future. Reflective writing does not only mean to put the past events in writing, but reflective writing is lot more meaningful than that. As per Charon Hermann (2012), writing descriptions about the past events does not fulfill the demand of reflective writing if they are not critically analyzed. Critical analysis of past problems provide clear picture of what is needed to be done in future to avoid those problems. Thus, there is a lot of importance of reflective writing in a persons life (Kurunsaari, Tynjl Piirainen, 2015). The main aim of this report is to create a link between reflective writing and one of my past life events. For this report, I have chosen one of my past life events and have expressed my reflections about that event. The Event I am going to share one of my most important events of my life. This event has helped me in many ways. I am a student of management. I have completed my Masters in Business Administration (MBA) couple of years ago. However the journey of completing my MBA was not an easy one. I have faced a lot of difficulties at that time from different sides. One of the difficulties was the sanction of my education loan. My family was facing some financial crisis at that time and I had to go for education loan to study MBA. The problem was that the sanction of that loan is a very complicated process. My college referred my name to the bank for my education loan, but still I had to face some major problems at that time. As education loan does not need any guarantee, my father was the second applicant of my loan. Some documents were needed of my father and mine at the time of the sanction of the loan which included the trade license of my fathers business; but due to some reasons, the trade license w as not available that time. Thus, as a substitution, we had been asked to provide an income certificate of my father from Sub Division Officer (SDO). The Experience That time was the hardest time of my life. There were many reasons that made me the most frustrated person in the world. The sanction of the loan was not the only problem, there were many incidents were going on in my life. The session was already started and I had to commence my classes. The main problem was with my fathers income certificate from the SDO. It was a lengthy as well as complicated process to obtain the certificate from the SDO. One cannot directly go to the SDO for the certificate. There was a hierarchy. One must obtain an income certificate from the local councilor. After that, that certificate has to present to the chairman of the municipality to get another certificate. Then the certificate from the chairman needs to present to the Chief Officer of the Municipality and after examining that, the Chief Officer issues another certificate. This final certificate needs to be presented to the SDO and after examining that, he will issue the final income certificate. I had to go to various government offices and banks for this purposes. As I stated earlier that my MBA classes were already started, I had to miss a lot of classes to get the income certificate. Eventually, this total process was hampering my study as well. At that time, I went to a lot of people for support and help, but what is get is rejection. That means they refused to help me on that particular problem (Ryan Ryan, 2013). My Thoughts and Feelings All those incidents made me very much de-motivated at that time. Doing MBA has been the greatest dream of my life. After completing my graduation, I was very much eager to do the post graduate in business administration. My dream of doing MBA was at stake while I was facing all those difficulties. I did not know exactly what needs to be done to get those problems resolved (Zipf, 2016). I was frustrated as well as tremendously de-motivated. I was facing failure so many times that I have never faced before. I used to think about these matters all time and it made me detached from all my relatives and friends. At one point, I had considered that I would not be able to complete my MBA due to not sanction of my education loan as we did not had the financial power to complete my MBA without the support of anyone. I had tried other ways so that the loan can be sanctioned without the income certificate from the SDO, but all went in vain as there was no replacement and substitute of that docu ment. At that time my father came to the rescue. Then he took all the maters in his hand and resolved all the issues. My father is not a rich man, but what he has is the tremendous will power. He always says me to believe in myself and keep faith on God. He also faced a lot of difficulties, but he never gave up. As a result, he actually did it and obtained the income certificate from the SDO. His never die attitude made the whole thing possible. My Reflections Standing today, I can see the clear picture of the past that what I did in the past about that event. This particular event of my life has taught me a lot of lessons. In this section, I am trying to connect my learning with my life. One of my natures used to be that I gave up easily. Whenever I faced any problem, I got panicked easily before. This is the reason I had to face a lot of difficulties at that moment (Wood, 2013). I needed to think the problem calmly and should arrange the routine accordingly so that I do not have to miss any classes. I could not do it because I was scared of losing my dream and that fear made me frustrated and unorganized. Another aspect was lack of confidence. I have learnt from my father that confidence is a crucial factor in success (Molina, 2013). My father was always confident to resolve that problems, but I was not. This is the reason that I had to face failures in that issue. However, we all know that failure is the key to success. I have learnt a lot from that particular event. It has changed the way I used to look at the world. First of all, I have learnt from my father that confidence and self-believe is an important factor which a person must have to become successful (Cho y Oo, 2012). It is very essential to be calm at the time of any crisis. The situation become nasty if one fails to stay calm at the crisis time. Every problem has a solution and one needs to think calmly to get the solution. This particular problem has taught me to face every problem in life. There will be more problems if someone runs away from the problems instead of facing them. These lessons have been helping me in every aspect of my life. I have recognized some hindsight while I was in the problem situation. There is always someone to help you or show you the right way to accomplish a job (Moon, 2013). My father is the one. I should have consulted with him earlier. Then I did not have to face those difficulties. On the other hand, there were some people who could show me the easiest way to solve the issue. Thus, whenever I face any problem, I try to find out the people who can be real help to me. The most important lesson is that every problem has solution as problems are ther e to be solved. We need to find out the solution of the problems rather being scared of them (Berger, 2016). Conclusion Life is all about ups and downs. A life without difficulties is not a life. Even the heartbeat of a person shows ups and downs; the line becomes straight means the death of a person. What I have discussed above, is the toughest phase of my life so far. I have overcome that situation with the help of my father. He is the idol of my life. He has taught me to face every difficulties of my life. I have realized that the greatest reward comes from those jobs which we fear the most. The lessons are not only for the same kind of situation, but I have learnt to apply those lessons in different aspects of the life. Today when I think about that situation, I feel positive that I have learnt a lot from that event. These lessons will help me in the future in different ways. Thus, from the whole essay, it can be concluded that difficulties make a person more perfect and make them the ability to face any situation in life. References Berger, A. (2016). Personal reflections on the menopause journey.Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care,42(3), 225-225. Charon, R., Hermann, M. N. (2012). A sense of story, or why teach reflective writing?.Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,87(1), 5. Choy, S. C., Oo, P. S. (2012). Reflective Thinking and Teaching Practices: A Precursor for Incorporating Critical Thinking into the Classroom?.Online Submission,5(1), 167-182. Kurunsaari, M., Tynjl, P., Piirainen, A. (2015). Students Experiences of Reflective Writing as a Tool for Learning in Physiotherapy Education. InWriting for Professional Development(pp. 129-151). Brill. Molina, L. M. (2013). The Relevance of Difference: Personal Reflections on the Role of Diversity. Moon, J. A. (2013).Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Routledge. OLoughlin, V. D., Griffith, L. M. (2013). Reflective writing highlights improved student metacognition in an upper level undergraduate anatomy course.The FASEB Journal,27(1 Supplement), 957-1. Ryan, M., Ryan, M. (2013). Theorising a model for teaching and assessing reflective learning in higher education.Higher Education Research Development,32(2), 244-257. Wood, M. (2013). Some personal reflections on change... The past and future of cartography.The Cartographic Journal. Zipf, G. K. (2016).Human behavior and the principle of least effort: An introduction to human ecology. Ravenio Books.

Gambling, To Bet Money On The Outcome Of A Game, Contest, Or Other Eve

Gambling, to bet money on the outcome of a game, contest, or other event. To take a risk in the hope of gaining an advantage; speculate. Gambling has many advantages as well as disadvantages. Children will be neglected and crime rates will increase. Nevertheless, aid in cutting the island's budget deficit and dropping the unemployment rate are just some of the examples that we can benefit from gambling. Should Casino gambling be legalized? That is the question that the people are pondering. There are many important reasons for opposing gambling because of its severe social consequences which ravage society. Gambling can get addictive and hurt people financially, emotionally, and yes, even physically. People will gamble away everything they have and everything they can get their hands on. When addicted gamblers no longer have money, they would do anything and everything they could to get money so they could continue gambling. Selling their cars, betting their houses and in history when gamblers did not have possessions or properties, they would even bet their wives. Gambling may also increase the crime rate, which would be another expense for the government. The sour truth does not end here. Gamblers would neglect their children, leaving them at home starving without an adult attending to them. In the tenth commandment, God condemns the desire for that which belongs to another person, whether people or things. Jesus asked, "For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?"? Gamblers are people who are not content with what they have and who are determined to get what they do not have. The greatest tragedy is that those who gamble are often trying to get the money that belonged to those who could least afford to lose it. Whatever someone wins through gambling is won at the 2 cost of someone else's loss. Any advancement that takes place at the expense of another is wrong. Every time a gambler reads about someone that has killed himself because of gambling losses, or that a family has been destroyed because of gambling losses, that gambler should understand that he participated in that tragedy, and that any money he has won through gambling may very well have been money lost by that person whose life became a terrible tragedy. Looking at gambling at a different perspective. Everybody knows by now that our government's budget is like a "waterloo." The only thing flourishing is our unemployment rate, that's bursting off the charts. Many unemployed citizens can't even afford to eat, therefore, they seek aid through our government via food stamps. Our tourism has diminished. With an expected increase in the population by the year 2000, the government might want to legalize gambling. This would increase our tourism, drop the unemployment rate, and decrease the government's budget deficit. After conducting a few interviews with tourists, my numbers showed that legalizing gambling would increase our tourism industry. Three out of every five tourists interviewed would love to engage in gambling while on vacation. The government may also use gambling as another means of income. The government could lay a high gaming tax. Legalizing gambling would give many job opportunities for the citizens, therefore, lowering the unemployment rate. In lowering the unemployment rate citizens will not need financial aid from the government for food, thus decreasing food stamp recipients. Gambling could also decrease the crime rate. With the revenue that the government can attain from this gaming phenomenon, we will be able to afford? recruiting more police officers. Legalizing gambling can help revitalize our state

10 Groundhog Day Quotes to Remind You Spring Is Near

10 Groundhog Day Quotes to Remind You Spring Is Near It may seem far-fetched to those who live closer to the equator. But for people closer to the poles, Groundhog Day marks the arrival of spring and the end of winter. Revere the little furry creature that is likely to make an accurate prognosis of the arrival of spring this Groundhog Day. Read these Groundhog Day quotes to celebrate the season of joy. W. J. VogelTo shorten winter, borrow some money due in spring.​Clyde MooreTheres one good thing about snow, it makes your lawn look as nice as your neighbors.​Kin HubbardDont knock the weather; nine-tenths of the people couldnt start a conversation if it didnt change once in a while.William Camden,  Remains, 1605One swallow maketh not summer; nor one woodcock a winter.​Anthony J. DAngelo, The College Blue BookWherever you go, no matter what the weather, always bring your own sunshine.Bill VaughnThe groundhog is like most other prophets; it delivers its prediction and then disappears.​Patrick YoungThe trouble with weather forecasting is that its right too often for us to ignore it and wrong too often for us to rely on it.​Phil ConnorsThis is one time where television really fails to capture the true excitement of a large squirrel predicting the weather.​George SantayanaTo be interested in the changing seasons is a happier state of mind than to be hopelessly in love with spring.​George HerbertEvery mile is two in winter.

The Nineteenth Century America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Nineteenth Century America - Essay Example In the year 1819 the Transcontinental Treaty proposed by the then American President John Quincy Adams was signed by the United States and Spain. This treaty reinforced the American belief of territorial expansion. The desire to spread towards the west increased when John Jacob Astor expanded his fur trade company to the Pacific Northwest. With trade expansions the legendary â€Å"mountain men† became popular as they were financially facilitated by the fur trade companies to move to other countries in search of profit. During the 1830s and 1840s the Americans expanded their territory westward towards the Pacific Ocean. Besides economic there were other reasons like avoiding religious persecution. Their attempt to establish American ideals into areas that fell into the boundaries of Mexico or Great Britain created diplomatic crisis. The phrase Manifest Destiny was coined in 1845. It manifested the American belief that God has given them the right to expand their territories bec ause of their growing population. The largest acquisition took place in 1803 when America acquired Louisiana territory for $15 million. With this America got control over Mississippi River and the size of the nation became double. America was greatly affected by the era of expansion. The territorial expansions resulted in dividing the nation by causing diplomatic crisis, war and internal conflicts. The economic expansion that took place internally increased class differences and America began to be recognised as a â€Å"land of opportunity and upward mobility† (Divine et.al, ch.8, 9, 13). II.Transportation Revolution During the first half of nineteenth century America experienced a growth in market economy. This was helped by development in the transportation sector which created an economic link between different parts of the nation and strengthened the national economy. It was the era of expansion in America when the nation expanded its territory towards the West. Most of the land in the east of Mississippi river became marketing centers to fulfill the needs of the farmers. There was a growing awareness among the political leaders regarding the need of connecting these distant areas with the rest of the nation through a well developed transport system. The initial focus was on developing the road network by building new highways and improving the older roads. Overland toll roads or turnpikes could not provide cheap transportation to cover long distances during bad weather because of their poor conditions. More economically efficient was the water transport. Many canals were constructed to estab lish links between the rivers Ohio and Mississippi as canals were cheaper to transport heavy agricultural goods than on poorly maintained roads and highways. The most important canal, the Erie Canal, was constructed in 1825. This canal helped in extending the commercial market to New York and this led to economic development in the region. There were also other improvements made on water transport. Steamboats became popular after they were invented in 1807 by Robert Fulton. (Divine et.al, ch.9) The growth of railroads in the 1840s and the 1850s reduced the importance of canals as primary means of freight transport. The expansion of the railroads helped the iron industry of America. It also facilitated financing of business sectors and paved the way for governments to provide land grants (Divine et.al, ch.13). III. Jackson presidential administrations During the 1820s and 1830s the concept of â€Å"self-made man† was celebrated in the political culture. It promoted the idea th at leaders of the

Health Reforms in the U.S. and UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health Reforms in the U.S. and UK - Essay Example The countries’ governments have indeed stated that the marginalised group of the society lacks proper healthcare due to the prevailing economic incapacities. Therefore, the governments feel the need to consider all citizens in offering healthcare services despite their societal status, races, demographic variability and economic variations. As a result, implementation of healthcare reforms in these countries has been given first priority (Weisfield, English & Claiborne 2012, p. 54). The aspects established in the reforms include cost reductions, quality enhancement criteria, patient satisfaction, stimulating ideal information technology approaches and improving overall service delivery in the health sector. Access to Health Care Individuals are entitled to efficient and effective healthcare services. In this case, the US advocates access to insurance cover that will cater for health-related issues. According to Tudor, the government ascertains that the reforms will further sec ure and ease the risk of loss for those with health insurance policies. On the contrary, the UK government advocates fair access to health services through the reforms. This emphasises the stringent measures over the health services delivered by private and public proprietors (Great Britain 2012, p. 78). The United Kingdom further advocates that proper health care systems will put patients into consideration, and to that extent, they will have the rights to express the types of services they seek. Most importantly, the UK reforms target to reshape and restructure the health system by approaching all societal groupings equally. In essence, the country understands the importance of all citizens and upholds their health as being significant to economic propulsion. The reforms consider improving the rate at which people gain access to health by allocating funds to the clinical commissioning groups and the founding of Public Health England. The bodies serve in intensifying health provisi on throughout the UK, thus reaching people in all dimensions nationwide. This aspect contrasts with the United States reforms, which imply that individuals ought to access insurance cover to stand viable to health services. On the other hand, the US government depicts that most of its citizens lack prompt access to health services due to high costs as compared to other nations. The reforms shall implement guaranteed access to the best health care among all citizens, thus enhancing social welfare. Through the reforms, the governments will subsidise the cost of insurance, hence making the policy cheaper and accessible by the marginalised group of the society (Truglio-Londrigan & Lewenson 2011, p. 49). An analytical approach portrayed that the US nation spends much on medical care but denies the citizens access because of the cost constraints. Therefore, suppressing the costs will propel health care throughout the nation. On the contrary, the UK government offers free health care throu ghout the nations, but inhibitions prevail over immigrants, and the time factor also matters since health facilities do not offer prompt services (Great Britain 2012, p. 79). Therefore, the UK reforms contrast with those of the US in accessibility to the extent that while one seeks to surpass costs, the other wishes to improve prompt delivery to all citizens despite their region and ethnicity. Health Quality Criteria A survey conducted upon the uninsured and insured patients inclusive of those

Interventions for Smoking Cessation

Interventions for Smoking Cessation Introduction Health literacy is the â€Å"capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Smoking is a common addictive behavior and is bad for health status in many ways. According to World Health Organization (2014) tobacco kills nearly six million people per year. Therefore, it is important to promote people’s health literacy of smoking through effective intervention to improve health condition. Brief intervention is an effective method to deliver suitable information and increase the motivation of clients to change the substance use (Substance abuse and mental health service, 2014). Nurses can make good use of brief intervention to improve the health literacy among clients with resultant better health outcomes. This essay will firstly describe the potential health impacts of smoking on individual in Australia and globally. Secondly, it will use a case to analyze the smoking through stage of change model and discuss three approaches to change the behavior. Thirdly, it will choose the most sustainable strategy to provide health literacy to the client. Lastly, I will discuss how changing a singles person’s behavior can contribute to global health. Overview of smoking Cigarette contains more than 7,000 chemical substances and most of them are harmful to our body. Once inhaled into the lung, these chemical compounds will be carried to all the tissues of our body through blood (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Smoking will impair the normal growth and function of the cells and result in cancer tumor growth. Research showed that smoking can cause many kinds of cancers in our body such as larynx, lung, mouth, nose, and throat cancer (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). For the cardiovascular system, smoking will damage our blood vessels with plaque formation and produce thicker vessel walls and narrower lumen. Therefore, smoking is a major risk factor for stroke and coronary heart disease (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Smoking also causes damage to the respiratory system, especially the airway and alveoli. The research showed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including emphysema and ch ronic bronchitis are most commonly related to smoking. In addition, smoking will also affect the fertility and immune system and increase the chance to have type 2 diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Last but not least, secondhand smoke causes adverse effects such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases to the peers, family and community. In conclusion, smoking might impact the whole body and result in serious health problem. According to World Health Organization (2014), smoking is related to more than 6 million people’s death; 5 million die directly due to tobacco use and 600,000 people die from exposure to secondhand smoke. In Australia, around 3.1 million people (19.5%) are current smokers aged over 18 years old and among them 20.4% male and 16.3% female are daily smokers (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Smoking was responsible for 20% of cancer death in Australia and around 45,000 hospitalisations in New South Wales were related to smoking (Cancer Council NSW, 2013). In addition, nearly 600,000 people (3.6%) reported at risk of having heart disease and other chronic conditions due to using tobacco products (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013). Smoking is a common unhealthy behavior not only in Australia but all over the world and contributes to many diseases and death. Incident of smoking Mr. C is a 55 year old man who comes from Taiwan and works as an accountant in a computer company. He had a history of smoking around 30 years since graduated from senior high school. He usually smokes 10-12 cigarettes a day. Mr. C has the medical history of type 2 diabetes. He believes that smoking can help him release the stress and anxiety. He really enjoys the moment of smoking and states that smoking can stimulate thinking. However, Mr. C developed productive cough recently and had shortness of breath when climbing the stairs. He went to see a general practitioner and the physician informed him that the productive cough and shortness of breath are related to smoking. Therefore, the general practitioner gave Mr. C a handbook about the information of smoking and suggested him to quit smoking. After seeing the general practitioner, Mr. C read through the handbook and tried to search the internet for relevant information. He also discussed with his family and all of his family suppo rted him to quit smoking. Mr. C hesitated about stopping smoking. Because he thought that smoking was a good method for him to relieve the stress and serve as a social skill to maintain the relationship with friends and colleagues. In addition, he also considers that to quit smoking will be a long process and takes a lot of time to give up smoking and will incur a lot of physical discomfort. Mr. C is now feeling ambivalent about quitting smoking but he wants the symptoms such as productive cough and shortness of breath to go away. Therefore, he still considers smoking to be an enjoyable hobbit and cannot really give up smoking. Stage of change model Stage of change model (Transtheoretical model) is a theory of behavior change which was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente. It contains 5 stages of changes: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance (Australia government Department of health, 2004; Prochaska, DiClemente Norcross, 1992, p. 1103). Stage of change model is a good method to assess the readiness of clients to change the additive behavior such as smoking (Mallin, 2002, p. 1107). According to Prochaska, DiClemente and Norcross (1992, p.1103), contemplation is the stage that clients are aware the adverse effects due to the behavior and consider to change, however have not determined to establish a plan of action. In this incident, Mr. C has some physical discomfort such as productive cough and shortness of breath during the activity. Therefore, Mr. C went to a general practitioner for the assessment and found out that smoking was the root cause of the symptoms. Mr. C started to search the infor mation about smoking and also discussed with his family. However, Mr. C did not make a promise to quit smoking. Due to these features, Mr. C is at the stage of contemplation. Another concept of the contemplation stage is that patient is ambivalent about the advantage and disadvantage of the behavior (Prochaska, DiClemente Norcross, 1992, p. 1103). The client realizes the behavior will be harmful to the health condition but still considers the behavior to be with value (Australia government Department of health, 2004). In this case, Mr. C states that smoking is a good method for him to relieve the stress and a social tool to maintain the relationship with friends and colleagues. He did not want to give up this 30 years hobbit. However, Mr. C also wanted to improve the symptoms. Mr. C is hesitated in making the decision to quit smoking. Therefore, it is obvious that Mr. C is at the stage of contemplation. Multiple approaches to change smoking Motivational interviewing is a counseling technique which can assist clients to increase the motivation to change the addictive behavior (Miller, 2010, p. 247; Ridner, Cloud, Ostapchuk, Myers, Jorayeva Ling, 2014, p. 314). Clients can be explored and their ambivalence could be resolved about quitting smoking through motivational interviewing (Lai, Cahill, Qin Tang, 2010). The four principles of motivational interviewing are expression of empathy, develop discrepancy, roll with resistance and support self-efficacy (Miller, 2010, p. 248). During the motivational interviewing, nurses can understand the ambivalent feelings of the clients, the difficulties of changing and discuss the advantage and disadvantage of quitting smoking with clients. In addition, it might enhance the client’s desire to change. Nurses might use the reflective listening, open-ended questions, affirmation and summarization techniques to understand the clients’ position and have good communication (M iller, 2010, p. 249; New South Wales Department of Health, 2005). A research (Ridner, Cloud, Myers, Jorayeva Ling, 2014) found out that after the motivational interviewing, the patients smoked less cigarettes, had a higher score of self-efficacy and lower nicotine dependence. Soria, Legido, Escolano, Lopez Yeste and Montoya (2006) pointed out that motivational interviewing group has higher success rate compared to anti-smoking advice group. In addition, the article also showed that motivational interviewing could help clients move to the next stage of change model. The above evidence showed that motivational interviewing is an effective brief intervention to increase the motivation of clients to seek the health information of smoking and its treatment, and therefore, increase the willingness of quitting. 5As (ask, assess, advice, assist and arrange) is a brief intervention to increase the motivation of the patient with addictive behavior (DiClemente, Delahanty, Kofeldt, Dixon, Goldberg Lucksted, 2011, p. 261). The first step is to ask the client’s smoking behavior and obtain the basic information about the client. Secondly, the readiness and motivation of clients to quit smoking will be assessed. In this step, stages of change model is a good tool to assess the motivation of client. Then, nurses can deliver the advice to the clients about the pros and cons of health on smoking followed by provision of the effective tips for clients to quit smoking. Fourthly, assist the clients to increase the motivation about quitting smoking and encourage patient to quit smoking. Lastly, the nurses should arrange the follow-up program to provide further support (Dawson, Noller Skinner, 2013, p. 132; Scanlon, 2006, p. 25 26). A study conducted 5As intervention at the mental health community center to the patients with smoking behavior in the community. They found following the implementation of 5As, the rate of tobacco use decreased and more people quit smoking (Dixon et al., 2009). Therefore, 5As is an effective brief intervention to assist clients to quit smoking through enhancing their motivations and providing necessary support. Nurses are the most important health education provider, who delivers education to the clients. The research showed that good health education program can increase the smoking caseation rate. Health education can provide the impacts on health and lead to the change the attitude of using cigarette (Salaudeen, Musa, Akande Bolarinwa, 2011, p. 217). Internet is a very useful tool to enhance the effectiveness of health education and promotion. According to Dijk, Nooijer, Heinrich and Vries (2007, p. 122), they found out that the knowledge of tobacco cessation will be delivered better through the internet to the clients. The internet is the preferred education method of adolescents and teenagers. The interviewer indicated that the web site contains the colorful pictures and interesting animation which will increase the motivation to learn and understand information of quitting smoking and also stimulate the client to take action. Therefore, the health education delivery through the inter net is a good intervention to spread the health information and increase the health literacy of the clients. The sustainable strategy to the incident In this incident, motivational interviewing is the most sustainable brief intervention for Mr. C to improve health literacy and result in quitting smoking. Mr. C had noticed that he has some symptoms such as shortness of breath and productive cough which impact his health condition. However, he is still considering the benefits that he gets from smoking including relieve the stress and anxiety and the social tool to maintain the relationship with peers and collogues. He is ambivalence about take action to change. Therefore, nurses can use motivational interviewing to assist client to evaluate the pons and cons of quitting smoking. Encourage patient to express his idea and identify the barrier of quitting smoking. In addition, nurses can assist the client to resolve the ambivalence and difficulties which lead to higher motivation to quit smoking. In this stage, there is no apparent health problem on Mr. C, therefore, he did not seriously consider that quitting smoking is an urgent matter for him. During the motivational interviewing, the nurses can provide adverse effects on health to the patient and assist patient to image the healthier future without smoking. Thus, he may seek the related information actively. Motivational interviewing may enhance the client’s motivation to obtain the health information and make the correct decision. Therefore, motivational interviewing is an effective brief intervention which can increase the health literacy and more willing to quit smoking. Global Health Dijk, Nooijer, Heinrich and Vries (2007, p. 115) indicated that the clients have smoking behavior will easily influence others’ attitude of smoking. The smoking cessation rate is higher in the family whose member has already quit smoking. Accordingly, the concept of stop smoking can be delivered from individuals to their peers, family even the whole community. When the concept of quit smoking can be deeply installed in everyone’s thought, as a result the occurrence of smoking-related disease will be decrease. The World Health Assembly (2013) pointed out that if the tobacco cessation rate decrease 30%, it will decrease 200 million death related to smoking in 2050. In addition, secondhand smoke can also be decreased. As the result, the overall health of population in the world can be improved. Therefore a single persons behavior change can be a big contribution of the improvement of the global health. Conclusion Smoking is a common unhealthy behavior which will cause adverse effects not only to the individual but also the whole society. Therefore, it is important for nurses to use different approaches to encourage clients to quit smoking. Motivational intervention is a counseling technique which can increase the motivation of the client to take action to give up smoking. 5As is an evidence-based intervention that can help clients to quit smoking through increase willingness and provide essential support. In addition, using internet can increase the effeteness of health education delivery. The incident in this essay is at the contemplation of the stage of change models. Motivational intervention is a sustainable brief intervention for this case which can improve the health literacy and encourage him to stop smoking. The concepts of quitting smoking can delivery from individual to family, peers and community. Consequently, these approaches can improve the health literacy and result in increasi ng the tobacco cessation rate and improve the health status of global.

The Case of Billy Frank Vickers :: Essays Papers

The Case of Billy Frank Vickers According to the article, Prosecutors Doubt Inmate Confession True, by Angela K. Brown, Billy Frank Vickers, condemned inmate, received a lethal injection on Wednesday night January 28, 2004 for a 1993 murder after confessing that he was involved in about a dozen other crimes, including the shootings that placed a cloud of suspicion over Davis for three decades (Brown). Jack Strickland, a former prosecutor in the Davis case, said he had never heard of Vickers and that his claims were a last-ditch attempt to get attention and monkey around with the system. Now the question arises of whether lethal injection was the best option for punishing Billy Frank Vickers, not because he is innocent, but because of the question of whether it is humane to take away someone’s life by inserting chemicals into his or her body that may cause more pain than can ever be imagined. I personally believe that there is no justifiable reason to give someone the death penalty as a form of punishment. In the minds of the American public and jurors in capital cases the perception of lethal injection is of a clean, clinical, and painless end. As stated in the article, Lethal Injection, seventy-one percent of those responding to a 2001 survey considered injection to be the least cruel form of execution (Lethal Injection). This perception is an advantage to the state because the public is much more willing to accept execution in this form and jurors are more willing to convict and pass the death sentence. At times it is understood why the death penalty would be considered in cases. Maybe the people are a threat to not only society but also to themselves, and need to be put to death so they can do no harm to anyone. Vickers gunned down a grocery store owner who was probably trying to make a living for himself and his family. Now this man is gone; his family is left in agony, and maybe Vickers deserves to die. Some people may say an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, but do two wrongs make a right? Some people may consider the death penalty as inhumane. As stated in the article, Naked City, by Rita Radostitz, Texas uses three chemicals in the lethal injection process: sodium thiopental (an extremely short-term anesthetic), pancuronium bromide (which paralyses the diaphragm and other muscles so the inmate is unable to move or speak, even if he is in pain), and potassium chloride (which stops the heart).